#4WT / Writing web projects and Connecting to Internet

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March 10, 2021

Introduction to Website

Websites are without doubt the most important element of the internet. The term is often used inconsistently, so to make it clear once and for all, this article answers the question: what is a website?

Website is a set of related web pages located under a single domain name, typically produced by a single person or organization.

The central page of a website is called a home page. This is usually the first page you see when you call a website up and can also be called a ‘start page’ or ‘index page’. From here onwards, the user delves into the site’s subpages.

Classificaion:

1.Corporate Website
2.Individual Website

Corporate Website

• In this, there is certain no. of persons, who develop their website for a particular organization.
• The corporate website are formed when group of people have common interest and objective.
• The purpose of this website is to convey the information of organization to all over the world.

Individual website

It is just like profile management system. In this type of  website an individual wants to develop website for h-projection, career growth etc.

WEB PROJECT

A web project is the process of developing and creating a Web site, activities in a network which are aimed at a pre-defined goal. The network can be both accessible for everyone, as in the Internet, or only for certain people, as an intranet. The goal of Web projects is the transfer of static and dynamic content - both directly to end users, as well as indirectly through means of various kinds of interfaces. Web projects are based on TCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) technology and concern the transfer of static and dynamic content.

A Web project involves many aspects, including programming and the accompanying software development, Web business, Web server and network administration, hosting, graphics/design, the development and administration of databases, construction of interfaces, project management and quality assurance, search engine optimization, the maintenance of data in content management/editing systems and much more.

To accomplish the web projects following languages may be used like HTML, CSS, Javascript, PHP, Asp.Net, and popular frameworks(Laravel & Django)

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language, a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, colour, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.

CSS

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.

Javascript

JavaScript is a scripting language that enables you to create dynamically updating content, control multimedia, animate images, and pretty much everything else.

PHP

Stands for "Hypertext Preprocessor." (It is a recursive acronym, if you can understand what that means.) PHP is an HTML-embedded Web scripting language. This means PHP code can be inserted into the HTML of a Web page. When a PHP page is accessed, the PHP code is read or "parsed" by the server the page resides on. The output from the PHP functions on the page are typically returned as HTML code, which can be read by the browser. Because the PHP code is transformed into HTML before the page is loaded, users cannot view the PHP code on a page. This make PHP pages secure enough to access databases and other secure information.


Internet Connection

Here in this tutorial, we will discuss how to connect to internet i.e. internet service providers, software and hardware requirements, configuring internet connection etc.

Internet Service Providers (ISP)

Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company offering access to internet. They offer various services:
  • Internet Access
  • Domain name registration
  • Dial-up access
  • Leased line access

ISP Types :

ISPs can broadly be classified into six categories as below.
  • Access providers: They provide access to internet through telephone lines, cable wi-fi or fiber optics.
  • Mailbox Provider: Such providers offer mailbox hosting services.
  • Hosting ISPs: Hosting ISPs offers e-mail, and other web hosting services such as virtual machines, clouds etc.
  • Virtual ISPs: Such ISPs offer internet access via other ISP services.
  • Free ISPs: Free ISPs do not charge for internet services.

Connection Types

There exist several ways to connect to the internet. Following are these connection types available:
  • Dial-up Connection
  • ISDN
  • DSL
  • Cable TV Internet connections
  • Satellite Internet connections
  • Wireless Internet Connections

Dial-up Connection

Dial-up connection uses telephone line to connect PC to the internet. It requires a modem to setup dial-up connection. This modem works as an interface between PC and the telephone line.
There is also a communication program that instructs the modem to make a call to specific number provided by an ISP.
Dial-up connection uses either of the following protocols:
  1. Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
  2. Point to Point Protocol (PPP)

ISDN

ISDN is acronym of Integrated Services Digital Network. It establishes the connection using the phone lines which carry digital signals instead of analog signals.
There are two techniques to deliver ISDN services:
  • Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
  • Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

Key points:

The BRI ISDN consists of three distinct channels on a single ISDN line: t1o 64kbps B (Bearer) channel and one 16kbps D (Delta or Data) channels.
The PRI ISDN consists of 23 B channels and one D channels with both have operating capacity of 64kbps individually making a total transmission rate of 1.54Mbps.

DSL

DSL is acronym of Digital Subscriber Line. It is a form of broadband connection as it provides connection over ordinary telephone lines.
Following are the several versions of DSL technique available today:
  • Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)
  • Symmetric DSL (SDSL)
  • High bit-rate DSL (HDSL)
  • Rate adaptive DSL (RDSL)
  • Very high bit-rate DSL (VDSL)
  • ISDN DSL (IDSL)
All of the above mentioned technologies differ in their upload and download speed, bit transfer rate and level of service.

Cable TV Internet Connection

Cable TV Internet connection is provided through Cable TV lines. It uses coaxial cable which is capable of transferring data at much higher speed than common telephone line.

Key Points:

A cable modem is used to access this service, provided by the cable operator.
The Cable modem comprises of two connections: one for internet service and other for Cable TV signals.
Since Cable TV internet connections share a set amount of bandwidth with a group of customers, therefore, data transfer rate also depends on number of customers using the internet at the same time.

Satellite Internet Connection

Satellite Internet connection offers high speed connection to the internet. There are two types of satellite internet connection: one way connection or two way connection.
In one way connection, we can only download data but if we want to upload, we need a dialup access through ISP over telephone line.
In two way connection, we can download and upload the data by the satellite. It does not require any dialup connection.

Wireless Internet Connection

Wireless Internet Connection makes use of radio frequency bands to connect to the internet and offers a very high speed. The wireless internet connection can be obtained by either WiFi or Bluetooth.

Key Points:

  • Wi Fi wireless technology is based on IEEE 802.11 standards which allow the electronic device to connect to the internet.
  • Bluetooth wireless technology makes use of short-wavelength radio waves and helps to create personal area network (PAN).